Stainless Steel 316 Products

Stainless Steel 316

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Stainless steel, a type of steel alloy, possesses a remarkable resistance to corrosion due to its chromium content of at least 10%. This composition forms a thin layer of metal oxide on the surface of stainless steel, effectively shielding it against destructive substances.

Among the widely recognized stainless steel grades, stainless steel 316 stands out. Comprised of approximately 16 to 18% chromium, 10 to 14% nickel, 2 to 3% molybdenum, and a small amount of carbon, SS 316 boasts improved resistance to corrosion compared to other A4 AISI 316 SS grades. Its characteristics can be improved further by adding other alloys.

AISI 316 is the second most commonly used stainless steel grade, following stainless steel 304, owing to its exceptional characteristics. It finds extensive application in environments susceptible to corrosion, such as chemical plants, refineries, and marine equipment.

When it comes to specific variants of SS 316 material, there are a few worth mentioning. Stainless steel 316L has a reduced carbon content, making it appropriate for situations where the metal may get sensitised. On the other hand, stainless steel 316H offers enhanced thermal stability and creep resistance due to its higher carbon content. Additionally, the stabilized variant, stainless steel 316Ti, exhibits superior resistance to intergranular corrosion.

The effectiveness of stainless steel in resisting oxidation from corrosive compounds is attributed to a process called passivation. By exposing stainless steel to air, it forms a protective layer of chromium oxides on its surface, rendering it passive or unreactive to corrosion.

To optimize the formation of the passive film, stainless steel undergoes a chemical treatment. This involves thorough cleaning through immersion in acidic passivation baths, typically containing nitric acid. By eliminating contaminants such as exogenous iron or free iron compounds, interference with the creation of the passive layer is prevented.

Following the acidic cleaning, the metal is neutralized in an aqueous sodium hydroxide bath. This step, known as descaling, removes additional oxide films that may have formed during high-temperature milling operations like hot-forming, welding, and heat treatment.